Free dall e

Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAIJul 14, 2022 · Variations. DALL·E 2 can create original, realistic images and art from a text description. It can combine concepts, attributes, and styles. Try DALL·E. Input. An astronaut riding a horse in photorealistic style. Output. In January 2021, OpenAI introduced DALL·E. One year later, our newest system, DALL·E 2, generates more realistic and ... Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAI The best free alternative to DALL-E 2 is Craiyon, which is also Open Source. If that doesn't suit you, our users have ranked more than 50 alternatives to DALL-E 2 and loads of them is free so hopefully you can find a suitable replacement. Other interesting free alternatives to DALL-E 2 are Stable Diffusion Online, Dall-E, A111 Stable Diffusion ...Did it, thanks. Results with the mini version are… okish. Need colab premium to run the full version. Oct 4, 2022 · Before we dive in, you should know that DALL-E is just one of many free online tools for artists. You can also get 325 free art books from the Getty Museum’s library . Here’s how to create ... Aug 7, 2023 · Conclusion. Although DALL-E 2 was previously free to try, thanks to OpenAI’s generous trial credit scheme, this seems to no longer be the case. If you now want to use DALL-E 2, you will have to purchase credits to generate images from your prompts. You can buy 115 prompt credits for $15, which should allow you to get some good use out of this ... Bing Image Creator is using an advanced DALL-E model with OpenAI, which undoubtedly does not come cheap. Comparatively, DALL-E 2 is free but uses the same system of credits traded in for image ...Today, DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s AI system that can generate images given a prompt or edit and refine existing images, is . The company announced in a blog post that it will expedite access for ...Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAI DALL·E 2 is a large image database that contains over 10.000 AI generated images from over 100 different categories. 53.956 images 33.304 prompts. Contact ...One of the best options to try out and the easiest to use is WOMBO Dream, which creates beautiful artwork in the same way as DALL-E mini does. In addition to entering a design prompt, an art style can be picked and applied to the final result, making the app a little better than DALL-E mini as it gives users more control over how the image ...Mar 22, 2023 · OpenAI's latest endeavor, Shap-E, is a model that allows you to generate 3D objects from text, not unlike how Dall-E can create 2D images. According to OpenAI, Shap-E is "a conditional generative ... It's free to beta test, but once the test is over they will get you to pay. I don't know the pricing. ClottedAnus • 1 yr. ago. I will pay. StarryAI_Arts • 1 yr. ago. Thanks -^. ClottedAnus •. Hoping for a flat fee and unlimited use. mikbob • 1 yr. ago. These are enough for users to try Dall-e for free, and to create a small number of free Dall-e images each month, as we’ll explore. The Cost of Buying Dall-e Credits. If you run out of free Dall-e credits, there’s always the option of buying additional credits. As we write this, the cost of Dall-e credits is $15 for 115 credits. That works ...These are enough for users to try Dall-e for free, and to create a small number of free Dall-e images each month, as we’ll explore. The Cost of Buying Dall-e Credits. If you run out of free Dall-e credits, there’s always the option of buying additional credits. As we write this, the cost of Dall-e credits is $15 for 115 credits. That works ...Here’s how you can register to access Dall-E 2 for free. If you have a good internet connection and a stable web browser, you are good to go. Step 1: Open the official Dall-E 2 website.Jan 5, 2021 · DALL·E: Creating images from text We’ve trained a neural network called DALL·E that creates images from text captions for a wide range of concepts expressible in natural language. January 5, 2021 Image generation, Transformers, Generative models, DALL·E, GPT-2, CLIP, Milestone, Publication, Release Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAI Before we dive in, you should know that DALL-E is just one of many free online tools for artists. You can also get 325 free art books from the Getty Museum’s library. Here’s how to create ...Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). Dall-E is not entirely free. The service runs on "credits." You get 50 free credits at signup, and then 15 credits free per month after that, but they don’t roll over. Paid credits do roll over ...By Fionna Agomuoh September 30, 2022. Listen to article. Image-generating AI is becoming more accessible to the public, with one engine called DALL-E making its network free to use. While the...Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). DALL·E: Creating images from text. We’ve trained a neural network called DALL·E that creates images from text captions for a wide range of concepts expressible in natural language. DALL·E is a 12-billion parameter version of GPT-3 trained to generate images from text descriptions, using a dataset of text–image pairs.Here’s how you can register to access Dall-E 2 for free. If you have a good internet connection and a stable web browser, you are good to go. Step 1: Open the official Dall-E 2 website.Jul 20, 2022 · Today, DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s AI system that can generate images given a prompt or edit and refine existing images, is . The company announced in a blog post that it will expedite access for ... Hot on the heels of releasing AI Bing Chat in February 2023, Microsoft paired it with a DALL-E-powered image generator in March 2023. However, unlike the official DALL-E 2, Bing Image Creator isn't limited to 15 free creations per month.Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). Are you an artist, creative, or designer who uses DALL-E 2? OpenAI will provide subsidized access to DALL-E 2 to qualifying artists in need of financial assi...DALL·E: Creating images from text. We’ve trained a neural network called DALL·E that creates images from text captions for a wide range of concepts expressible in natural language. DALL·E is a 12-billion parameter version of GPT-3 trained to generate images from text descriptions, using a dataset of text–image pairs.DALL·E Credits. A credit can be used for one DALL·E request: generating images through a text prompt, an edit request, or a variation request. You get 15 free credits each month. Free credits don’t roll over, so they’ll expire a month after they were granted. You can purchase additional credits through your account page. Usage & RightsDALL·E is officially in beta! Our goal is to invite 1 million people over the coming weeks. Here’s relevant info about the beta: A new credit system Every DALL·E user will receive 50 free credits during their first month of use, and 15 free credits every subsequent month. You can buy additional credits in 115-generation increments for $15.One of the best options to try out and the easiest to use is WOMBO Dream, which creates beautiful artwork in the same way as DALL-E mini does. In addition to entering a design prompt, an art style can be picked and applied to the final result, making the app a little better than DALL-E mini as it gives users more control over how the image ...Jun 10, 2022 · The internet is hyped up on DALL-E mini. Although DALL-E mini can certainly create some pretty pictures, it works based on math and algorithms with no artistry involved. The AI simply looks at ... Apr 8, 2023 · For the uninitiated, Dall-E is a little bit like ChatGPT, but for pictures. Enter a prompt for an image – along the lines of "cosy cabin in the woods with sunlight peeking through the trees" for ... Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). Aug 2, 2023 · Go to DALL·E 2's web app, and sign up. Click the … in the top-right corner and then Buy Credits. 115 credits cost $15. Type your prompt on the home page, and click Generate. Wait a few seconds, and you'll have four AI-generated images to choose from. Click into any of them, and then either Download, Save to a collection, Share to DALL·E 2's ... Oct 1, 2022 · DALL-E 2 is an AI image generation platform that allows users to create images from scratch using text prompts. It runs on an artificial intelligence program called GPT-3, which takes natural language and converts it to images. The platform also allows users to upload their own images and edit them using text prompts to create completely new ... Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAIThe internet is hyped up on DALL-E mini. Although DALL-E mini can certainly create some pretty pictures, it works based on math and algorithms with no artistry involved. The AI simply looks at ...Bing Image Creator is using an advanced DALL-E model with OpenAI, which undoubtedly does not come cheap. Comparatively, DALL-E 2 is free but uses the same system of credits traded in for image ...For the uninitiated, Dall-E is a little bit like ChatGPT, but for pictures. Enter a prompt for an image – along the lines of "cosy cabin in the woods with sunlight peeking through the trees" for ...Here’s how you can register to access Dall-E 2 for free. If you have a good internet connection and a stable web browser, you are good to go. Step 1: Open the official Dall-E 2 website.Conclusion. While OpenAI has Dall-e under lock and key, several free alternatives have developed to enable you explore the world of AI-generated art. IQChat's Text to Image Creator, Artbreeder, DeepArt.io, RunwayML, and PaintsChainer are just a few of the tools that cater to a wide range of artistic demands and preferences. Every of these Dall ...I know they probably won't be as good as DALL-E, but I just want to play around with SOMETHING! The closest open source model I’ve found is this one latent-diffusion. It’s results are often quite impressive, although not as good as dalle2 of course. That is my overall recommendation also. DALL·E. DALL·E. All things related to DALL•E 2! By Juston and 5 others24 articles.Dall-E Mini Image Generator is a text-to-image AI software generating images from any prompt! We first AI software to build an art gallery. New DALL·E 2 users get 50 free credits that they can put towards generating, editing or creating a variation of an image (new image generations return four 1024 X 1024-pixel images for the cost of one credit). After that, users get 15 free DALL-E 2 credits each month.Before we dive in, you should know that DALL-E is just one of many free online tools for artists. You can also get 325 free art books from the Getty Museum’s library. Here’s how to create ...Microsoft Bing. Microsoft is bringing DALL·E to a new graphic design app called Designer, which helps users create professional quality social media posts, invitations, digital postcards, graphics, and more. Microsoft is also integrating DALL·E in Bing and Microsoft Edge with Image Creator, allowing users to create images if web results don ...Jul 14, 2022 · Variations. DALL·E 2 can create original, realistic images and art from a text description. It can combine concepts, attributes, and styles. Try DALL·E. Input. An astronaut riding a horse in photorealistic style. Output. In January 2021, OpenAI introduced DALL·E. One year later, our newest system, DALL·E 2, generates more realistic and ... DALL·E 2 is an AI system that can create realistic images and art from a description in natural language. Try DALL·E Follow on Instagram DALL·E 2 explained 2:47 Latest updates View all updates DALL·E API now available in public beta Nov 3, 2022 DALL·E 2: Extending creativity Jul 14, 2022 DALL·E now available without waitlist Sep 28, 2022DALL-E 2 uses 3.5 billion parameters, a smaller number than its predecessor. DALL-E was developed and announced to the public in conjunction with CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training). CLIP is a separate model based on zero-shot learning that was trained on 400 million pairs of images with text captions scraped from the Internet. The image generations endpoint allows you to create an original image given a text prompt. Generated images can have a size of 256x256, 512x512, or 1024x1024 pixels. Smaller sizes are faster to generate. You can request 1-10 images at a time using the n parameter. Generate an image. 233,650 members. 1. Must be related to OpenAI's DALL·E 2. 2. Verifiable source. 3. Add DALL·E 2 prompt in image post title. 4. Authentic DALL·E 2 generations only.Conclusion. Although DALL-E 2 was previously free to try, thanks to OpenAI’s generous trial credit scheme, this seems to no longer be the case. If you now want to use DALL-E 2, you will have to purchase credits to generate images from your prompts. You can buy 115 prompt credits for $15, which should allow you to get some good use out of this ...One of the best options to try out and the easiest to use is WOMBO Dream, which creates beautiful artwork in the same way as DALL-E mini does. In addition to entering a design prompt, an art style can be picked and applied to the final result, making the app a little better than DALL-E mini as it gives users more control over how the image ...Jun 15, 2023 · DALL-E was introduced in January 2021, This year OpenAI released the successor based on DALL-E, DALL-E 2. The images generated by DALL-E 2 have higher resolution and fidelity. Although the DALL-E image generator performs well in the conversion process from text to image, some experts point out that DALL-E still has some ethical and bias issues. Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). These are enough for users to try Dall-e for free, and to create a small number of free Dall-e images each month, as we’ll explore. The Cost of Buying Dall-e Credits. If you run out of free Dall-e credits, there’s always the option of buying additional credits. As we write this, the cost of Dall-e credits is $15 for 115 credits. That works ...Here’s how you can register to access Dall-E 2 for free. If you have a good internet connection and a stable web browser, you are good to go. Step 1: Open the official Dall-E 2 website.1. Go to the Craiyon website. To get started, browse to the Craiyon website. You can sign up for a free account, but you may want to first try the site without an account. 2. Describe your image ...Jun 15, 2023 · DALL-E was introduced in January 2021, This year OpenAI released the successor based on DALL-E, DALL-E 2. The images generated by DALL-E 2 have higher resolution and fidelity. Although the DALL-E image generator performs well in the conversion process from text to image, some experts point out that DALL-E still has some ethical and bias issues. Jul 20, 2022 · Today, DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s AI system that can generate images given a prompt or edit and refine existing images, is . The company announced in a blog post that it will expedite access for ... By Fionna Agomuoh September 30, 2022. Listen to article. Image-generating AI is becoming more accessible to the public, with one engine called DALL-E making its network free to use. While the...Aug 31, 2023 · Conclusion. While OpenAI has Dall-e under lock and key, several free alternatives have developed to enable you explore the world of AI-generated art. IQChat's Text to Image Creator, Artbreeder, DeepArt.io, RunwayML, and PaintsChainer are just a few of the tools that cater to a wide range of artistic demands and preferences. Every of these Dall ... DALL·E Credits. A credit can be used for one DALL·E request: generating images through a text prompt, an edit request, or a variation request. You get 15 free credits each month. Free credits don’t roll over, so they’ll expire a month after they were granted. You can purchase additional credits through your account page. Usage & RightsDALL·E is officially in beta! Our goal is to invite 1 million people over the coming weeks. Here’s relevant info about the beta: A new credit system Every DALL·E user will receive 50 free credits during their first month of use, and 15 free credits every subsequent month. You can buy additional credits in 115-generation increments for $15. It's easy to start using DALL·E 2, simply sign up here with your email address, Google or Microsoft account. You get given 50 free credits for the first month and 15 free credits per month thereafter – but you can purchase more, with 115 credits costing US$15. One search term is equal to one credit but four images will be generated each time.Jun 10, 2022 · The internet is hyped up on DALL-E mini. Although DALL-E mini can certainly create some pretty pictures, it works based on math and algorithms with no artistry involved. The AI simply looks at ... DALL·E mini or DALL·E mega for generating images from a text prompt; Where does the logo come from? The "armchair in the shape of an avocado" was used by OpenAI when releasing DALL·E to illustrate the model's capabilities. Having successful predictions on this prompt represents a big milestone for us. Contributing. Join the community on the ...Aug 7, 2023 · Conclusion. Although DALL-E 2 was previously free to try, thanks to OpenAI’s generous trial credit scheme, this seems to no longer be the case. If you now want to use DALL-E 2, you will have to purchase credits to generate images from your prompts. You can buy 115 prompt credits for $15, which should allow you to get some good use out of this ... Today, DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s AI system that can generate images given a prompt or edit and refine existing images, is . The company announced in a blog post that it will expedite access for ...Also there is and android/ios apps for free the are great too . 1: starryai 2: Dream by wamboo. 1. Dobodjob • 1 yr. ago. No its not the same at all Dall e is WAY better. chukahookah • 1 yr. ago. I feel Midjourney succeeds pretty well with abstract art. 2. Dobodjob • 1 yr. ago.Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAI In this blog, we’ll share 8 amazing alternatives to DALL-E 2 that you can use to create awesome digital art. These tools are perfect for both beginners and pros! So, let’s get started and take your art to the next level!This app uses artificial intelligence technology to generate incredible art and photos! This app was independently created by EllisApps Inc. and generates your AI Art creations using artificial intelligence powered by DALL-E 2 API. 1) Simply enter a prompt for whatever you wonder about. 2) Push the Generate Your Image button. 3) Wait until your ...Aug 3, 2023 · Bing Image Creator features: Powered by: DALL-E | Access via: Bing Chat and browser | Output: 4 images per prompt | Price: Free . Bing's Image Creator is powered by a more advanced version of the ... Image Creator generates AI images based on your text. Learn more. You will receive emails about Microsoft Rewards, which include offers about Microsoft and partner products. You will also receive notifications about Bing Image Creator. By continuing, you agree to the Rewards Terms and Image Creator Terms below. Search, chat, and create, all in ... DALL·E Credits. A credit can be used for one DALL·E request: generating images through a text prompt, an edit request, or a variation request. You get 15 free credits each month. Free credits don’t roll over, so they’ll expire a month after they were granted. You can purchase additional credits through your account page. Usage & RightsExperiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAI DALL·E is officially in beta! Our goal is to invite 1 million people over the coming weeks. Here’s relevant info about the beta: A new credit system Every DALL·E user will receive 50 free credits during their first month of use, and 15 free credits every subsequent month. You can buy additional credits in 115-generation increments for $15. Open-resource project Price: Free This AI generative art model has superior capabilities to the likes of DALL·E 2 and is also available as an open-source project. It means anyone can use it and projects can build it off with few restrictions. Aug 12, 2022 · This startup is setting a DALL-E 2-like AI free, consequences be damned. DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s powerful text-to-image AI system, can create photos in the style of cartoonists, 19th century ... Bing Image Creator features: Powered by: DALL-E | Access via: Bing Chat and browser | Output: 4 images per prompt | Price: Free . Bing's Image Creator is powered by a more advanced version of the ...Here’s how you can register to access Dall-E 2 for free. If you have a good internet connection and a stable web browser, you are good to go. Step 1: Open the official Dall-E 2 website.Dall-E Mini Image Generator is a text-to-image AI software generating images from any prompt! We first AI software to build an art gallery. 2. Click Try DALL·E 2. This will take you to a page where you can log in with your Google or Microsoft account, or sign up with a separate email address. If you use a separate email, you'll need ...One of the best options to try out and the easiest to use is WOMBO Dream, which creates beautiful artwork in the same way as DALL-E mini does. In addition to entering a design prompt, an art style can be picked and applied to the final result, making the app a little better than DALL-E mini as it gives users more control over how the image ...Artificial intelligence art generator DALL-E got rid of its waitlist and now anyone can use it. DALL-E generates images based on detailed text descriptions that a person types into a text box.Jan 5, 2021 · DALL·E is a 12-billion parameter version of GPT-3 trained to generate images from text descriptions, using a dataset of text–image pairs. We’ve found that it has a diverse set of capabilities, including creating anthropomorphized versions of animals and objects, combining unrelated concepts in plausible ways, rendering text, and applying transformations to existing images. DALL·E 2 is a large image database that contains over 10.000 AI generated images from over 100 different categories. 53.956 images 33.304 prompts. Contact ...Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAIDid it, thanks. Results with the mini version are… okish. Need colab premium to run the full version.DALL·E 2 is a large image database that contains over 10.000 AI generated images from over 100 different categories. 53.956 images 33.304 prompts. Contact ...Today, DALL-E 2, OpenAI’s AI system that can generate images given a prompt or edit and refine existing images, is . The company announced in a blog post that it will expedite access for ...DALL·E 2 is a large image database that contains over 10.000 AI generated images from over 100 different categories. 53.956 images 33.304 prompts. Contact ...I know they probably won't be as good as DALL-E, but I just want to play around with SOMETHING! The closest open source model I’ve found is this one latent-diffusion. It’s results are often quite impressive, although not as good as dalle2 of course. That is my overall recommendation also.Open-resource project Price: Free This AI generative art model has superior capabilities to the likes of DALL·E 2 and is also available as an open-source project. It means anyone can use it and projects can build it off with few restrictions. Nov 4, 2022 · Dall-E is not entirely free. The service runs on "credits." You get 50 free credits at signup, and then 15 credits free per month after that, but they don’t roll over. Paid credits do roll over ... DALL·E. DALL·E. All things related to DALL•E 2! By Juston and 5 others24 articles.This app uses artificial intelligence technology to generate incredible art and photos! This app was independently created by EllisApps Inc. and generates your AI Art creations using artificial intelligence powered by DALL-E 2 API. 1) Simply enter a prompt for whatever you wonder about. 2) Push the Generate Your Image button. 3) Wait until your ...The best DALL-E 2 alternative is Midjourney. It's not free, so if you're looking for a free alternative, you could try Craiyon or Stable Diffusion Online. Other great sites and apps similar to DALL-E 2 are Dall-E, A111 Stable Diffusion WEB UI, Microsoft Designer and DiffusionBee. DALL-E 2 alternatives are mainly AI Art Generators but may also ... Sep 13, 2022 · You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so). Also there is and android/ios apps for free the are great too . 1: starryai 2: Dream by wamboo. 1. Dobodjob • 1 yr. ago. No its not the same at all Dall e is WAY better. chukahookah • 1 yr. ago. I feel Midjourney succeeds pretty well with abstract art. 2. Dobodjob • 1 yr. ago.You can also purchase 115 credits for US$15. P.S. If you can’t wait to try it, give DALL·E mini a go for free. However, the quality of its images are generally poorer (giving rise to a host of DALL·E memes) and takes about ~60 seconds per prompt (DALL·E 2 in comparison only takes 5 seconds or so).DALL-E 2 uses 3.5 billion parameters, a smaller number than its predecessor. DALL-E was developed and announced to the public in conjunction with CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training). CLIP is a separate model based on zero-shot learning that was trained on 400 million pairs of images with text captions scraped from the Internet. DALL·E 2 is an AI system that can create realistic images and art from a description in natural language. Try DALL·E Follow on Instagram DALL·E 2 explained 2:47 Latest updates View all updates DALL·E API now available in public beta Nov 3, 2022 DALL·E 2: Extending creativity Jul 14, 2022 DALL·E now available without waitlist Sep 28, 2022DALL·E Mini Model Card. This model card focuses on the model associated with the DALL·E mini space on Hugging Face, available here. The app is called “dalle-mini”, but incorporates “ DALL·E Mini ’’ and “ DALL·E Mega ” models (further details on this distinction forthcoming). The DALL·E Mega model is the largest version of ... These are enough for users to try Dall-e for free, and to create a small number of free Dall-e images each month, as we’ll explore. The Cost of Buying Dall-e Credits. If you run out of free Dall-e credits, there’s always the option of buying additional credits. As we write this, the cost of Dall-e credits is $15 for 115 credits. That works ...Go to DALL·E 2's web app, and sign up. Click the … in the top-right corner and then Buy Credits. 115 credits cost $15. Type your prompt on the home page, and click Generate. Wait a few seconds, and you'll have four AI-generated images to choose from. Click into any of them, and then either Download, Save to a collection, Share to DALL·E 2's ...Experiment with DALL·E, an AI system by OpenAIAbout DALLE by OpenAI. A neural network called DALL·E that creates images from text captions for a wide range of concepts expressible in natural language. DALL·E is a 12-billion parameter version of GPT-3 trained to generate images from text descriptions, using a dataset of text–image pairs. We’ve found that it has a diverse set of ...Turn your words into wonderworks with Craiyon! Generate beautiful AI art with the world’s favorite new FREE AI image generator. Just type your keywords and hand the Craiyon to us.Outpainting takes into account the image’s existing visual elements—including shadows, reflections, and textures—to maintain the context of the original image. More than one million people are using DALL·E, the AI system that generates original images and artwork from a natural language description, as a creative tool today. | Cfgdsxuu (article) | Mcyrfr.